Bitumen

Coal tar pitch
Coal tar pitch is a byproduct of coking, which is the black substance left in the distillation kettle after tar distillation. It is only different from refined tar in terms of physical properties and there is no clear boundary. The general classification method is to specify that tar with a softening point below 26.7 ℃ (cubic block method) is tar, and asphalt with a softening point above 26.7 ℃ is asphalt. Coal tar pitch mainly contains volatile anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, etc. These substances are toxic, and the properties of coal tar pitch vary due to the different contents of these components. The change in temperature has a significant impact on coal tar asphalt, which is prone to cracking in winter and softening in summer. There is a special odor when heating; After heating to 260 ℃ for 5 hours, its components such as anthracene, phenanthrene, and pyrene will evaporate.

Petroleum asphalt
Petroleum asphalt is the residue of crude oil distillation. Depending on the degree of extraction, it can be liquid, semi solid, or solid at room temperature. Petroleum asphalt is black and shiny, with high temperature sensitivity. Due to its distillation to over 400 ℃ during production, it contains very few volatile components, but there may still be high molecular hydrocarbons that have not been volatilized, which are more or less harmful to human health.

Natural asphalt
Natural asphalt is stored underground, some forming mineral layers or accumulating on the surface of the earth's crust. This type of asphalt has mostly undergone natural evaporation and oxidation, and generally no longer contains any toxins.

Asphalt materials are divided into two categories: asphalt and tar asphalt. Asphalt is also divided into natural asphalt and petroleum asphalt. Natural asphalt is the residue of petroleum that seeps out of the surface after long-term exposure and evaporation; Petroleum asphalt is a product obtained by treating the residual oil from refining and processing petroleum with appropriate processes. Tar asphalt is a product obtained from the dry distillation of organic substances such as coal and wood, and is reprocessed. The vast majority of asphalt used in engineering is petroleum asphalt, which is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and their non-metallic derivatives. Usually, the flash point of asphalt is between 240 ℃ and 330 ℃, and the ignition point is about 3 ℃ to 6 ℃ higher than the flash point. Therefore, the construction temperature should be controlled below the flash point.

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